single sign-on (SSO)
What is SSO?
Single Sign-On (SSO) is an authentication process that allows users to log in once and gain access to multiple applications or systems without needing to re-enter their credentials for each one. It's a way to streamline user access while improving security and user experience.
Instead of remembering dozens of passwords for different tools, users authenticate through a central identity provider (like Microsoft Entra or Okta), which then verifies access across connected apps. This is especially helpful in organizations with many systems or cloud-based applications.
How does SSO work?
SSO uses a centralized authentication server to verify a user's identity. Here’s a simplified version of how it works:
- The user logs into an identity provider (IdP)
- The IdP generates an authentication token
- The user tries to access an app or service
- The app checks the token with the IdP
- If the token is valid, access is granted without another login
This process relies on protocols like SAML, OAuth, or OpenID Connect to share authentication data securely.
What are the benefits of SSO?
- Convenience: Users sign in once and access everything they need
- Fewer passwords: Reduces password fatigue and support tickets
- Improved security: Centralized credential management lowers the risk of weak or reused passwords
- Access control: Easier to enforce access policies across all systems
SSO is often paired with Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) to further strengthen access controls.
Is SSO secure?
SSO can improve security, but it also centralizes risk. If a hacker compromises the identity provider, they may gain access to all linked systems. That’s why it’s essential to combine SSO with other protections like:
- Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
- Strong password policies
- Regular monitoring and auditing of login activity
How does SSO relate to cloud security?
In modern cloud-first environments, users interact with many SaaS and cloud apps daily. SSO plays a critical role in securing these environments by:
- Simplifying access across cloud services
- Supporting compliance by controlling who has access to what
- Integrating with IAM (Identity and Access Management) systems to manage user roles and permissions
